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The category of number in Italian: regular and irregular plural in nouns
KMEŤOVÁ, Kamila
The topic of this dissertation is the category of number in Italian. The goal of the dissertation is to describe this grammatical category in a detailed manner, to create a typology of regular and irregular forming of the plural of Italian nouns and to verify the special cases with the help of Italian synchronous corpuses. At first the grammatical categories are dealt with on a general level, then the situation is shown in Italian. In this part of the dissertation there is also a characterization of a "number" category and regular forming of a plural of nouns. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the irregular forming of a number. A typology of nouns with the same irregularities is presented. The focus is mainly on nouns which create two forms of a plural, where the frequency of these nouns is verified in the corpuses.
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Mathematics for the first grade through the touch, hearing, smell, taste and sight
Michková, Žaneta ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the usage of senses - sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch in mathematics lessons. The aim of the thesis is to offer teachers a collection of non-traditional activities whose objective is to not only strengthen and practise, but also to comprehend the mathematics curriculum in the 1st grade of primary school with overlaps into the subjects of basic science, physical education, music education, Czech language - writing, reading. The theoretical part describes the mental development of younger school age pupils focusing on individual senses and their usage in mathematics lessons. The activities correspond with the valid education legislation of the Czech Republic and its documents. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to one of the ways of learning - game and its meaning. The practical part includes the collection of activities in math lessons, which is focused primarily on the usage of one of the senses - touch, hearing, smell, taste and sight. The activities comprise: their descriptions, preparations, helping materials, processes, assessments and modifications, some activities also include a worksheet. The collection is in accordance with the outputs and objectives of the FEP and the set of key competencies.
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Visual number sense of 6 - 8 years old pupils
Fischerová, Terezie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the visual perception of pupils from 6 to 8 years of age, especially examines the strategies used in solving problems on visual perception. Its aim is to analyze the visual perception of students from 6 to 8 years. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part formulates and explains the basic concepts related to the visual perception of calculus in small sets, presents an analysis of visual perception problems in three series of textbooks for the first grade and outlines the basic strategies for solving visual perception problems. The theoretical part thus sufficiently prepares the reader to understand the practical part, which is crucial for the diploma thesis. The practical part concerns an experiment containing a series of tasks on visual perception. It describes the conditions and implementation of the experiment with a group of 19 pupils and 8 preschoolers from three primary schools in Prague. Other than that there is a description of the results and formulation of the conclusions of the experiment. The experiment finds out how students perceive small sets and whether they use set configurations as on dice, or whether these configurations can help them determine the number of objects in the set. The experiment in the practical part aims to...
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Grammatical Competence Development in a Child - Nouns
Hoffmanová, Judita ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the acquisition of grammatical categories of nouns (grammatical case, number, gender) in a child in the period of age ranging from two years and three months to two years and nine months. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part presents the principal personalities of psycholinguistics and theoretical approaches to learning a language. It defines the basic terminology, ontogenetic development of speech and the way of acquiring grammatical categories and particularities of constituent levels in the child speech. The other part is practical. Six 30-minute audio recordings of dialogues of an adult and a child were made in month-long intervals. The dialogues were transcribed by CHAT, that means by orthographic transcription. The transcripts were analysed in detail and the use as well as the development of grammatical noun categories, their function in a sentence and the occurrence of mini paradigms were studied. The monitored child used substantives as the most frequent part of speech from the very beginning, even if they were often accompanied by interjections in the first recording. All the cases were used at least once, but the most frequent ones were nominative and accusative cases. The analysis of grammatical number showed that the child used...
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Nicholas of Cusa on Human, Intellect and Number
Šenovský, Jakub ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nejeschleba, Tomáš (referee) ; Karfíková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the anthropological thinking of Nicholas of Cusa. The first part presents the fundamental metaphysical motifs that are the basis for this anthropology - above all, it concerns the conception of human as a mind (intellect). This conception is linked with the thinking of the first Principle (God) as the unity that is identical with itself. This unity/oneness of the One descends into the world through number that is one and multiple at the same time (all higher numbers consist of ones). The emphasis on unity of the One and on number as a mean of the creation is the reason, why Cusa's main concern, regarding the understanding of the world, aren't individual substances, but the relations between these substances. And for this kind of metaphysical thinking it is really important to develop also a strong notion of human intellect (mind), but the first philosophical texts to some extent fail to do so. The second part of this thesis deals with the proper anthropology that is developed in the dialogues with the idiota. It is shown what is the role of human mind in the dynamics of descent and ascent of unity of the One - it is the human mind and its intellectual return to its Beginning through which is all creation being made one and being brought to its true nature that is the One. The last...
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Development of numeric and structural skills in primary school pupils when playing Abaku play
Richter, Lukáš ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This thesis deals with the Czech game called Abaku, which was created as a variation of Scrabble using numerals instead of letters. The aim of this thesis is to find out what numerical and structural skills the pupils of elementary school, who are participating in the final of Abaku League, have, and what is their relation to mathematics. The used methods are the analysis of the games played on the qualifying rounds of Abaku League, a questionnaire for the finalists of the league and an interview with several of them. Author has 165,640 records of played games for analysis, 1,157 of that were analyzed. The questionnaire was completed by 38 players and seven of them participated in the interview. The questionnaire consists of questions about the popularity of mathematics, the frequency and duration of playing Abaku, and ten tasks to identify the numerical and structural skills of the players. Above all, the research showed that the surveyed Abaku players are well-versed in the area, know how to work with powers, and show curiosity for other mathematical disciplines. The theoretical part of thesis consists of a research of available literature concerning Abaku, introduction of the game including rules and development stages of the player, comparison of Abaku with games of similar type and...
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Neural correlates of number line representation
JANÍČKOVÁ, Petra
Tato práce se zabývá problematikou mentální reprezentace čísla a číselných řad. Výzkumná část práce je zaměřena na ověření změny gama aktivity v parietálním lobu při úlohách spojených s výpočetními operacemi na číselných řadách v kanonické (levostranné) a nekanonické (pravostranné)podobě. Měřením EEG aktivity během prezentace a řešení daných úloh zachycujeme změny aktivity v parietální oblasti mozku.
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Nicholas of Cusa on Human, Intellect and Number
Šenovský, Jakub ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nejeschleba, Tomáš (referee) ; Karfíková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the anthropological thinking of Nicholas of Cusa. The first part presents the fundamental metaphysical motifs that are the basis for this anthropology - above all, it concerns the conception of human as a mind (intellect). This conception is linked with the thinking of the first Principle (God) as the unity that is identical with itself. This unity/oneness of the One descends into the world through number that is one and multiple at the same time (all higher numbers consist of ones). The emphasis on unity of the One and on number as a mean of the creation is the reason, why Cusa's main concern, regarding the understanding of the world, aren't individual substances, but the relations between these substances. And for this kind of metaphysical thinking it is really important to develop also a strong notion of human intellect (mind), but the first philosophical texts to some extent fail to do so. The second part of this thesis deals with the proper anthropology that is developed in the dialogues with the idiota. It is shown what is the role of human mind in the dynamics of descent and ascent of unity of the One - it is the human mind and its intellectual return to its Beginning through which is all creation being made one and being brought to its true nature that is the One. The last...
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Comparison of logical and psychological perspectives on the concept of number.
Kuncová, Alexandra ; Punčochář, Vít (advisor) ; Kůrka, Petr (referee)
This paper is divided into three main parts. In the first part, we propose a logical approach to the concept of number based on Frege's Foundations of Arithmetic. Besides the main attempt to define and classify number per se, we also discuss Husserl's struggle with psychologism, Frege's logicism, and the construction of the series of natural numbers. In the second part, we look at a psychological approach to the concept of number through theories and experiments of cogni- tive science. We focus on infants' understanding of numbers and amounts, their counting abilities and later conventional skills. In the third part, we summarise differences as well as similarities of these two approaches. Keywords: cognitive science, concept, Frege, Husserl, identity, logicism, num- ber, one-to-one correspondence, Piaget, psychologism. "As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." (Albert Einstein, Geometry and Experience, 1921)
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